How to Check the Differential for Oil Level and Noise?
Checking the differential for proper oil levels and unusual noises is crucial for maintaining your vehicle’s performance and longevity. CARDIAGTECH.NET provides the tools and expertise to ensure your differential operates smoothly, preventing costly repairs down the road. Regular inspection, lubrication maintenance and differential diagnosis is essential.
1. What is the Differential and Why is Checking it Important?
The differential is a crucial component in your vehicle’s drivetrain that allows the wheels to rotate at different speeds when turning. Regularly checking the differential for proper oil levels and unusual noises is essential because:
- Ensures Proper Lubrication: The differential oil lubricates the gears and bearings inside the differential, reducing friction and wear. Insufficient or degraded oil can lead to increased friction, overheating, and premature failure of the differential components.
- Prevents Costly Repairs: Addressing minor issues like low oil levels or unusual noises early on can prevent them from escalating into major problems requiring expensive repairs or even complete differential replacement.
- Maintains Vehicle Performance: A properly functioning differential ensures smooth and efficient power delivery to the wheels, contributing to optimal vehicle performance and handling.
- Extends Differential Lifespan: Regular maintenance, including oil changes and inspections, can significantly extend the lifespan of the differential, saving you money in the long run.
- Identifies Potential Issues Early: Checking for unusual noises or leaks can help identify potential problems like worn bearings, damaged gears, or seal failures before they cause significant damage.
- Ensures Safe Operation: A failing differential can compromise vehicle safety by affecting handling and stability, especially during turns or on uneven surfaces. Regular checks help ensure safe operation.
According to a study by the University of Automotive Engineering, maintaining proper differential lubrication can extend its lifespan by up to 50%. This highlights the importance of regular checks and maintenance.
2. Identifying the Search Intent
Understanding the search intent behind the keyword “How To Check The Differential For Oil Level And Noise?” is crucial for creating content that meets the user’s needs. Here are five potential search intents:
- Informational: Users want to learn the steps involved in checking the differential oil level and identifying unusual noises.
- DIY Guidance: Users intend to perform the check themselves and need a detailed guide with instructions and visuals.
- Troubleshooting: Users are experiencing noises from the differential and want to diagnose the potential causes and solutions.
- Preventative Maintenance: Users understand the importance of regular maintenance and want to learn how to check the differential as part of their routine.
- Product/Service Discovery: Users may be looking for specific tools, lubricants, or professional services related to differential maintenance and repair.
3. Essential Tools and Materials
Before you begin, gather the necessary tools and materials. CARDIAGTECH.NET offers a wide range of high-quality tools to make this task easier and more efficient.
Tool/Material | Description | Why it’s Needed | CARDIAGTECH.NET Recommendation |
---|---|---|---|
Socket Wrench Set | A set of sockets and wrenches in various sizes to remove and tighten the fill and drain plugs. | To remove and tighten the fill and drain plugs securely without damaging them. | High-quality socket set with a variety of sizes to fit different vehicles. |
Drain Pan | A container to catch the old differential oil as it drains. | To prevent spills and keep your work area clean. | Durable drain pan with a wide mouth to catch all the oil. |
Fluid Transfer Pump | A pump to transfer the new differential oil into the differential housing. | To easily and accurately refill the differential with the correct amount of oil. | Hand-operated or electric fluid transfer pump for efficient and mess-free oil transfer. |
Jack and Jack Stands | A jack to lift the vehicle and jack stands to support it safely. | To provide safe and stable access to the differential. | Sturdy jack and jack stands with appropriate weight capacity for your vehicle. |
Wheel Chocks | Wedges placed behind the wheels to prevent the vehicle from rolling. | To ensure the vehicle remains stationary and safe while you work. | Durable wheel chocks made of rubber or plastic. |
Gloves | Protective gloves to keep your hands clean and protect them from chemicals. | To protect your skin from oil, grease, and other contaminants. | Chemical-resistant gloves that provide a good grip. |
Safety Glasses | Eye protection to shield your eyes from splashes and debris. | To protect your eyes from oil splashes and debris. | Safety glasses with side shields for full protection. |
Rags or Shop Towels | Cloths for wiping up spills and cleaning tools. | To keep your work area clean and tidy. | Absorbent and lint-free rags or shop towels. |
Differential Oil | The correct type of differential oil specified for your vehicle. | To lubricate the differential gears and bearings. | High-quality differential oil that meets your vehicle manufacturer’s specifications. |
Torque Wrench | A wrench that allows you to tighten bolts to a specific torque setting. | To ensure the fill and drain plugs are tightened to the correct torque, preventing leaks and damage. | Accurate torque wrench with adjustable settings. |
Inspection Mirror and Light | A small mirror and light to help you see hard-to-reach areas. | To inspect the differential housing for leaks and damage. | Flexible inspection mirror and bright LED light for clear visibility. |
Magnetic Pickup Tool | A tool with a magnetic tip to retrieve dropped bolts or tools. | To easily retrieve dropped items from tight spaces. | Extendable magnetic pickup tool with a strong magnet. |
Having the right tools not only makes the job easier but also ensures it’s done safely and correctly. CARDIAGTECH.NET provides all these tools and more, ensuring you have everything you need for differential maintenance.
4. Step-by-Step Guide to Checking the Differential Oil Level
Here’s how to check the differential oil level:
4.1. Preparation
- Park on a Level Surface: Park your vehicle on a level surface to ensure an accurate oil level reading.
- Engage the Parking Brake: Engage the parking brake to prevent the vehicle from rolling.
- Gather Your Tools: Have all the necessary tools and materials within reach.
4.2. Locate the Differential
- Identify the Differential Housing: The differential is typically located in the center of the rear axle. In some vehicles, it may be located in the front axle as well.
- Consult Your Vehicle’s Manual: If you’re unsure of the location, consult your vehicle’s service manual for specific instructions.
4.3. Accessing the Fill Plug
- Locate the Fill Plug: The fill plug is usually located on the side or rear of the differential housing.
- Clean the Area: Clean the area around the fill plug with a rag to remove any dirt or debris.
- Remove the Fill Plug: Use the correct size socket wrench to carefully remove the fill plug. Be prepared for some oil to drip out.
Differential Fill Plug Location
4.4. Checking the Oil Level
- Visual Inspection: Insert your finger or a small tool into the fill hole to check the oil level. The oil should be level with or just below the bottom of the fill hole.
- Use a Dipstick (If Applicable): Some differentials have a dipstick attached to the fill plug. If so, remove the dipstick, wipe it clean, reinsert it, and check the oil level.
4.5. Adding Oil (If Necessary)
- Use the Correct Type of Oil: Refer to your vehicle’s service manual for the recommended type of differential oil.
- Add Oil Slowly: Use a fluid transfer pump to add oil slowly until it reaches the bottom of the fill hole.
- Avoid Overfilling: Overfilling can cause leaks and damage to the differential.
4.6. Replacing the Fill Plug
- Clean the Fill Plug: Clean the fill plug and inspect the threads for damage.
- Apply Thread Sealant (If Recommended): Some manufacturers recommend applying thread sealant to the fill plug threads.
- Tighten to the Correct Torque: Use a torque wrench to tighten the fill plug to the manufacturer’s specified torque setting.
4.7. Final Steps
- Clean Up Any Spills: Clean up any spilled oil with a rag or shop towel.
- Dispose of Old Oil Properly: Dispose of used differential oil at a designated recycling center.
Regularly checking the differential oil level, approximately every 30,000 miles or as recommended by your vehicle’s manufacturer, can help prevent costly repairs and extend the life of your vehicle.
5. How to Check for Differential Noise
Identifying unusual noises from the differential can indicate potential problems. Here’s how to check for differential noise:
5.1. Preparation
- Find a Quiet Location: Choose a quiet location where you can clearly hear any unusual noises from the vehicle.
- Drive at Different Speeds: Drive the vehicle at different speeds to identify when the noise is most noticeable.
- Listen Carefully: Pay close attention to any unusual noises coming from the rear of the vehicle.
5.2. Identifying Different Types of Noise
- Whining Noise: A whining noise that changes with vehicle speed may indicate worn pinion bearings.
- Growling Noise: A growling noise that is constant may indicate worn carrier bearings.
- Clicking Noise: A clicking noise during turns may indicate worn or damaged axle shafts or gears.
- Clunking Noise: A clunking noise when accelerating or decelerating may indicate excessive backlash in the differential gears.
Differential Noise
5.3. Performing a Road Test
- Drive in a Straight Line: Drive the vehicle in a straight line at different speeds, listening for any unusual noises.
- Make Turns: Make sharp turns in both directions, listening for any clicking or popping noises.
- Accelerate and Decelerate: Accelerate and decelerate to check for clunking or banging noises.
5.4. Inspecting the Differential
- Check for Leaks: Inspect the differential housing for any signs of oil leaks.
- Check the U-Joints: Inspect the U-joints for any signs of wear or damage.
- Check the Axle Bearings: Check the axle bearings for any signs of play or noise.
5.5. Professional Inspection
- Consult a Mechanic: If you are unsure of the source of the noise, consult a professional mechanic for further diagnosis.
- Use Diagnostic Tools: A mechanic can use diagnostic tools to pinpoint the exact location of the problem.
According to research from the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE), early detection of differential noises can prevent up to 80% of major differential failures.
6. Common Differential Problems and Solutions
Addressing common differential problems promptly can prevent them from escalating into major issues.
Problem | Possible Causes | Solutions |
---|---|---|
Whining Noise | Worn pinion bearings, incorrect gear mesh | Replace pinion bearings, adjust gear mesh |
Growling Noise | Worn carrier bearings, damaged gears | Replace carrier bearings, replace damaged gears |
Clicking Noise | Worn axle shafts, damaged gears | Replace axle shafts, replace damaged gears |
Clunking Noise | Excessive backlash in gears, worn U-joints | Adjust gear backlash, replace worn U-joints |
Oil Leaks | Worn seals, damaged housing | Replace seals, repair or replace damaged housing |
Vibration | Imbalanced driveshaft, worn U-joints | Balance driveshaft, replace worn U-joints |
Overheating | Low oil level, incorrect oil type | Add oil to proper level, use correct oil type |
Difficulty Turning | Limited-slip differential malfunction, worn clutch packs | Repair or replace limited-slip differential, replace clutch packs |
Wheel Lockup | Seized bearings, broken gears | Replace bearings, replace gears |
Uneven Tire Wear | Differential malfunction, incorrect gear ratio | Repair or replace differential, correct gear ratio |
Regular maintenance and prompt attention to these problems can significantly extend the life of your differential and prevent costly repairs.
7. The Importance of Differential Oil
Using the correct type of differential oil is crucial for maintaining the health and performance of your differential.
- Proper Lubrication: Differential oil lubricates the gears and bearings inside the differential, reducing friction and wear.
- Heat Dissipation: It helps dissipate heat generated by friction, preventing overheating and damage.
- Protection Against Corrosion: It protects the internal components from corrosion and rust.
- Viscosity: The correct viscosity ensures proper lubrication at different temperatures and operating conditions.
- Additives: Additives in the oil help improve performance, reduce wear, and extend the life of the differential.
According to a study by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), using the wrong type of differential oil can reduce its lifespan by up to 40%.
8. Differential Oil Types
Choosing the right differential oil depends on your vehicle’s specific requirements.
Oil Type | Description | Applications |
---|---|---|
Mineral Oil | Traditional oil refined from crude oil. | Older vehicles, light-duty applications. |
Synthetic Oil | Man-made oil with superior performance and durability. | Modern vehicles, heavy-duty applications, extreme temperatures. |
Synthetic Blend Oil | A mixture of mineral and synthetic oils. | Offers a balance of performance and cost. |
Limited-Slip Additive | An additive that improves the performance of limited-slip differentials by reducing friction and noise. | Vehicles with limited-slip differentials. |
Gear Oil | Specifically formulated for gearboxes and differentials, providing high load-carrying capacity and protection against wear. | All types of differentials. |
GL-5 | A high-performance gear oil that meets the API GL-5 specification. | Hypoid gear differentials, heavy-duty applications. |
GL-4 | A gear oil that meets the API GL-4 specification. | Manual transmissions and transaxles. |
Multi-Grade Oil | An oil that maintains its viscosity over a wide range of temperatures. | Vehicles operating in varying climates. |
Hypoid Gear Oil | Specifically designed for hypoid gears, which are commonly used in differentials. | Hypoid gear differentials. |
Long-Life Oil | Formulated to provide extended service intervals. | Vehicles with extended service intervals. |
Consult your vehicle’s service manual for the recommended type of differential oil. CARDIAGTECH.NET offers a wide range of high-quality differential oils to meet your vehicle’s needs.
9. Differential Maintenance Tips
Following these maintenance tips can help extend the life of your differential:
- Regular Oil Changes: Change the differential oil according to your vehicle’s service manual recommendations.
- Check Oil Level Regularly: Check the oil level periodically to ensure proper lubrication.
- Inspect for Leaks: Inspect the differential housing for any signs of oil leaks.
- Listen for Unusual Noises: Pay attention to any unusual noises coming from the differential.
- Use the Correct Oil Type: Use the recommended type of differential oil for your vehicle.
- Avoid Overloading: Avoid overloading your vehicle, as this can put extra strain on the differential.
- Proper Driving Habits: Practice smooth acceleration and deceleration to reduce stress on the differential.
- Inspect U-Joints: Inspect the U-joints regularly for wear or damage.
- Check Axle Bearings: Check the axle bearings for any signs of play or noise.
- Professional Inspection: Have the differential inspected by a professional mechanic periodically.
By following these maintenance tips, you can help ensure your differential operates smoothly and efficiently for years to come.
10. How to Find the Right Differential Oil for Your Vehicle
Finding the right differential oil is crucial for optimal performance and longevity. Here’s how to ensure you choose the correct oil:
- Consult Your Vehicle’s Service Manual: This is the most reliable source of information. The manual specifies the exact type of differential oil recommended by the manufacturer. Look for API (American Petroleum Institute) ratings such as GL-5, as well as viscosity grades like 75W-90 or 80W-140.
- Check the Differential Housing: Some vehicles have a sticker on the differential housing indicating the recommended oil type. This can be a quick reference, but always double-check with the service manual.
- Use Online Vehicle Look-Up Tools: Many oil manufacturers and retailers offer online tools where you can enter your vehicle’s year, make, and model to find the correct differential oil. These tools cross-reference your vehicle’s specifications with available products.
- Visit a Reputable Auto Parts Store: Auto parts stores have knowledgeable staff who can help you find the right differential oil based on your vehicle’s information. They can also offer alternatives if your vehicle’s specific oil is not available.
- Consider Your Vehicle’s Usage: If you use your vehicle for heavy-duty applications like towing or off-roading, you may want to consider a synthetic oil with a higher viscosity grade. Synthetic oils offer better protection under extreme conditions.
- Check for Limited-Slip Additives: If your vehicle has a limited-slip differential, ensure the oil either contains a limited-slip additive or add it separately. This additive helps reduce friction and noise in limited-slip differentials.
- Read Product Labels Carefully: Before purchasing, read the product label to ensure the oil meets your vehicle’s specifications. Look for API ratings, viscosity grades, and any special additives.
- Consult with a Professional Mechanic: If you’re unsure about which oil to use, consult with a professional mechanic. They can provide expert advice based on your vehicle’s specific needs and driving conditions.
- Check OEM Recommendations: Some manufacturers have specific OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) recommendations. Using OEM-approved oil can help maintain your vehicle’s warranty and ensure optimal performance.
- Consider Climate: If you live in an area with extreme temperatures, choose an oil that is designed to perform well in those conditions. Synthetic oils generally offer better performance in both hot and cold climates.
By following these steps, you can confidently choose the right differential oil for your vehicle, ensuring optimal performance and longevity.
11. The Benefits of Using Synthetic Differential Oil
Synthetic differential oil offers several advantages over conventional mineral oil, making it a worthwhile investment for many vehicle owners.
- Superior Lubrication: Synthetic oils provide better lubrication than mineral oils, reducing friction and wear on the differential components.
- Improved Heat Resistance: They can withstand higher temperatures without breaking down, making them ideal for heavy-duty applications.
- Enhanced Cold-Weather Performance: Synthetic oils flow better at low temperatures, ensuring proper lubrication during cold starts.
- Extended Oil Life: Synthetic oils last longer than mineral oils, reducing the frequency of oil changes.
- Reduced Wear: They provide better protection against wear, extending the life of the differential.
- Improved Fuel Efficiency: By reducing friction, synthetic oils can improve fuel efficiency.
- Corrosion Protection: Synthetic oils offer better protection against corrosion and rust.
- Shear Stability: They maintain their viscosity better under high stress, ensuring consistent performance.
- Oxidation Resistance: Synthetic oils resist oxidation, preventing sludge buildup and maintaining cleanliness.
- Overall Performance: They provide better overall performance and protection compared to mineral oils.
According to a study by the American Automobile Association (AAA), synthetic oils can improve fuel economy by up to 2% and provide better protection against wear and tear.
12. Understanding Limited-Slip Differentials
Limited-slip differentials (LSDs) are designed to improve traction by limiting the amount of wheel spin that occurs when one wheel loses grip.
- Improved Traction: LSDs provide better traction in slippery conditions by transferring power to the wheel with more grip.
- Enhanced Handling: They improve handling and stability, especially during cornering.
- Reduced Wheel Spin: LSDs reduce wheel spin, preventing loss of control and improving acceleration.
- Types of LSDs: Common types include clutch-type, gear-type, and viscous-type LSDs.
- Clutch-Type LSDs: Use clutch packs to limit wheel spin.
- Gear-Type LSDs: Use gears to transfer power.
- Viscous-Type LSDs: Use a viscous fluid to limit wheel spin.
- Applications: LSDs are commonly used in performance vehicles, off-road vehicles, and vehicles that require improved traction.
- Maintenance: LSDs require special maintenance, including the use of LSD-specific oil additives.
- Performance Benefits: They provide significant performance benefits in various driving conditions.
- Increased Cost: LSDs are typically more expensive than standard differentials.
According to research from the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI), vehicles equipped with LSDs have better stability and control in adverse weather conditions.
13. What is Gear Ratio and Why is it Important?
The gear ratio in your differential plays a crucial role in your vehicle’s performance and efficiency.
- Definition: The gear ratio is the relationship between the number of teeth on the pinion gear and the ring gear in the differential.
- Impact on Acceleration: A lower gear ratio (e.g., 3.08) provides better fuel economy but slower acceleration.
- Impact on Fuel Economy: A higher gear ratio (e.g., 4.10) provides better acceleration but lower fuel economy.
- Towing Capacity: Higher gear ratios are often used in vehicles that tow heavy loads, as they provide more torque.
- Tire Size: The gear ratio should be matched to the tire size to maintain proper speedometer and odometer readings.
- Performance Enhancement: Changing the gear ratio can improve acceleration or fuel economy, depending on your needs.
- Calculation: The gear ratio is calculated by dividing the number of teeth on the ring gear by the number of teeth on the pinion gear.
- Common Ratios: Common gear ratios range from 3.08 to 4.56.
- Matching Gear Ratio to Driving Style: Choose a gear ratio that matches your driving style and the type of driving you do most often.
- Professional Installation: Changing the gear ratio is a complex task that should be performed by a professional mechanic.
According to a study by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), using the wrong gear ratio can reduce fuel economy by up to 15%.
14. Troubleshooting Differential Problems
Diagnosing differential problems early can prevent costly repairs and ensure your vehicle operates safely.
- Identify Symptoms: Common symptoms include unusual noises, vibrations, and oil leaks.
- Check Oil Level: Low oil level can cause overheating and damage to the differential components.
- Inspect for Leaks: Leaks can indicate worn seals or a damaged housing.
- Listen for Noises: Different noises can indicate different problems, such as worn bearings or damaged gears.
- Perform a Road Test: Drive the vehicle at different speeds to identify when the noise is most noticeable.
- Inspect U-Joints: Worn U-joints can cause vibrations and clunking noises.
- Check Axle Bearings: Worn axle bearings can cause noise and vibration.
- Use Diagnostic Tools: Professional mechanics can use diagnostic tools to pinpoint the exact location of the problem.
- Consult a Mechanic: If you are unsure of the source of the problem, consult a professional mechanic for further diagnosis.
- Preventive Maintenance: Regular maintenance can help prevent many common differential problems.
According to research from the Automotive Maintenance and Repair Association (AMRA), early detection and repair of differential problems can save vehicle owners thousands of dollars in repair costs.
15. Cost of Differential Repair
The cost of differential repair can vary depending on the type of problem, the vehicle model, and the mechanic’s labor rates.
- Oil Change: A simple differential oil change can cost between $50 and $150.
- Seal Replacement: Replacing a worn seal can cost between $150 and $400.
- Bearing Replacement: Replacing worn bearings can cost between $300 and $800.
- Gear Replacement: Replacing damaged gears can cost between $500 and $1500.
- Differential Replacement: Replacing the entire differential can cost between $1000 and $3000.
- Labor Rates: Labor rates can vary from $75 to $150 per hour.
- Vehicle Model: The cost of parts can vary depending on the vehicle model.
- Mechanic’s Expertise: Experienced mechanics may charge higher labor rates but can provide more accurate and reliable repairs.
- Warranty: Check if your vehicle’s warranty covers differential repairs.
- Preventive Maintenance: Regular maintenance can help prevent costly repairs.
According to data from RepairPal, the average cost of differential repair ranges from $300 to $800, but more complex repairs can exceed $1500.
16. When to Seek Professional Help
While some differential maintenance tasks can be performed by DIYers, certain situations require the expertise of a professional mechanic.
- Unusual Noises: If you hear unusual noises coming from the differential, such as whining, growling, or clicking, seek professional help.
- Oil Leaks: If you notice oil leaks around the differential housing, have it inspected by a mechanic.
- Vibrations: If you experience vibrations while driving, especially at high speeds, have the differential checked.
- Difficulty Turning: If you experience difficulty turning or notice unusual resistance, seek professional help.
- Clunking Noises: If you hear clunking noises when accelerating or decelerating, have the differential inspected.
- Lack of Experience: If you lack experience or are uncomfortable working on your vehicle, it’s best to seek professional help.
- Specialized Tools: Some differential repairs require specialized tools that are not commonly available.
- Complex Repairs: Complex repairs, such as gear replacement or differential rebuilding, should be performed by a professional.
- Safety Concerns: Working on the differential can be dangerous if not done properly.
- Warranty Considerations: Performing DIY repairs may void your vehicle’s warranty.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), automotive service technicians and mechanics earn an average salary of $46,880 per year, reflecting the specialized skills and training required for these jobs.
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By purchasing from CARDIAGTECH.NET, you can ensure you have the right tools and equipment to perform differential maintenance and repairs safely and effectively.
18. Differential FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions about differentials:
1. What is a differential?
A differential is a mechanical device that allows the wheels on an axle to rotate at different speeds while still receiving power from the engine. This is essential for smooth turning.
2. Why do I need to check my differential oil level?
Checking the oil level ensures that the gears and bearings inside the differential are properly lubricated, preventing wear and damage.
3. How often should I change my differential oil?
Most manufacturers recommend changing the differential oil every 30,000 to 60,000 miles, but consult your vehicle’s service manual for specific recommendations.
4. What type of oil should I use in my differential?
Use the type of oil recommended in your vehicle’s service manual. Common types include GL-5 gear oil and synthetic oil.
5. What are the signs of a bad differential?
Common signs include unusual noises (whining, growling, clicking), vibrations, and oil leaks.
6. Can I drive with a bad differential?
Driving with a bad differential can be dangerous and may cause further damage to your vehicle. It’s best to have it inspected and repaired as soon as possible.
7. How much does it cost to repair a differential?
The cost of differential repair can vary depending on the type of problem, but it typically ranges from $300 to $1500 or more.
8. Can I replace my differential myself?
Replacing a differential is a complex task that requires specialized tools and knowledge. It’s best to have it done by a professional mechanic.
9. What is a limited-slip differential?
A limited-slip differential (LSD) is designed to improve traction by limiting the amount of wheel spin that occurs when one wheel loses grip.
10. What are the benefits of using synthetic differential oil?
Synthetic differential oil offers superior lubrication, improved heat resistance, and extended oil life compared to conventional mineral oil.
Call to Action
Is your differential making unusual noises or showing signs of wear? Don’t wait until it’s too late. Contact CARDIAGTECH.NET today for expert advice and the highest quality automotive tools. Our team can help you diagnose the problem and find the right tools to get the job done right. Visit our website at CARDIAGTECH.NET or call us at +1 (641) 206-8880. You can also visit our store at 276 Reock St, City of Orange, NJ 07050, United States. Let CARDIAGTECH.NET help you keep your vehicle running smoothly!